Diagnosing male infertility involves a thorough medical 男性不妊 原因 review, physical examination, and specialized tests to pinpoint the underlying cause.

1. Initial Assessment:

• Medical History: Identifies risk factors such as previous infections, surgeries, or lifestyle factors.
• Physical Examination: Detects structural issues like varicocele, testicular size, or abnormalities.

2. Laboratory Tests:

• Semen Analysis:
  • Measures sperm count, motility, morphology, and volume.
  • The cornerstone of infertility evaluation.
• Hormonal Testing:
  • Checks levels of testosterone, FSH, LH, and prolactin to assess hormonal balance.

3. Genetic Testing:

• Evaluates for chromosomal abnormalities, Y chromosome microdeletions, or CFTR gene mutations.

4. Imaging Studies:

• Scrotal Ultrasound:
  • Detects varicocele or structural abnormalities in the testes.
• Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS):
  • Identifies obstructions in the ejaculatory ducts or seminal vesicles.

5. Advanced Tests:

• Sperm Function Tests:
  • Assess sperm’s ability to penetrate an egg or detect DNA damage.
• Anti-Sperm Antibody Testing:
  • Checks for immune responses against sperm.